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Sinclair, I, too, know little about ship building, just what I have read in various sources. Which hardly makes me an expert. >From what I understand, the clinker built ships were built with over lapping planks and then the ribbing and other support members were added to the inside. This is probably why the ships were so flexible. The carvel built ships were built from the inside out, starting with a skeleton and then having planks laid over that. This design was necessitated, I believe, by the addition of cannon as armament and the need for more structural strength. If Henry made the assumed voyage in a clinker built then it truly was an epic voyage as this type of ship, while fairly stable in the ocean, offered very little in the way of amenities. It would have been a more pleasant trip in a carvel built which was the beginning of shipboard cabins or shelters. Just an unqualified observation on my part. Oddly enough a quick search of the net on modern Viking ship replicas of the clinker built type, show the structural members or skeleton going up first, quite contrary to the definition of clinker built. I'd be interested in hearing from a real shipwright or someone more knowledgeable in ship design. It might cast some interesting light on what Henry would have gone through in "discovering" the New World. Dana -----Original Message----- From: Sinclair [SMTP:labehotierre@wanadoo.fr] Sent: Thursday, March 21, 2002 8:42 AM To: sinclair@quarterman.org Subject: Re: Viking Pine and St Margaret's birth place I do not know much about building a ship. I thought that overlapping the planks was what is meant by clinker built. Can you elaborate on the carvel method? Does any one know any thing about St Margaret's birth place. The references I have found say in equal numbers that she was born in Wessex or Hungary. Her marriage document says Wessex. I have recreantly received an email in which an amateur historian stated that no serious historian could possible believe that she was born in England. I have found a number of references from well known professional historians who think that she was born in England. I guess that they are not serious. Thanks Sinclair ----- Original Message ----- From: "Kyler, Dana" <DKyler@abdick.com> To: <sinclair@quarterman.org> Sent: Thursday, March 21, 2002 1:51 PM Subject: RE: Viking Pine > Actually, I believe; though I could be wrong, that Viking ships were > "clinker" built, which means they built the shell first & then inserted the > ribbing. This was the common method of ship construction until the 15th > century when the "carvel" method became the norm. Considering the date of [ Excess quotations omitted. ] sinclair@quarterman.org http://sinclair.quarterman.org/list.html [ This is the Sinclair family discussion list, sinclair@quarterman.org [ To get off or on the list, see http://sinclair.quarterman.org/list.html