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Dear Tim This is impressive research. However the reference to the Plowden Petition is not without questions. Doug Weller wrote Quote "Discussions of the age of the Newport Tower in Newport Rhode Island often refer to what has been called the 'Sir Edmund Plowden Petition', dated 1632, which petitions the King of England to grant a charter for a county palatine........... A visit to the Public Records Office in Kew located these two documents (the petition is in fact labelled "Petition of John Laurence and others")...... However, the location for the settlement that this was meant to protect, is described as at 39 degrees latitude and 150 miles north of James City. This is clearly not Rhode Island. " end quote The architecture that you have cited point to Viking. Henry was definitively a Viking Jarl but how does this tie him to the Newport Tower? Tomar and other Portuguese religious buildings definitely have the eight sided design. Over half of Portugal's three thousand ancient windmills share this design concept. The Portuguese have been fishing the Grand Banks off Canada since Medieval time and still do. Under the Paris Peace treaty of 1783 ending the American revolution contained in part "the navigation of the Mississippi was made free to both parties; mutual rights to the Newfoundland fisheries were adjusted;" Joćo Vaz Corte Real of Portugal sailed to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland with two Scandinavians, Dietrich Pining and Hans Pothorst in 1472. In the treaty called "The definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship between his Britannick Majesty, the Most Christian King, and the King of Spain. Concluded at Paris the 10th day of February, 1763. To which the King of Portugal acceded on the same day. " section V. The subjects of France shall have the liberty of fishing and drying on a part of the coasts of the island of Newfoundland, such as it is specified in the XIIIth article of the treaty of Utrecht; which article is renewed and confirmed by the present treaty, (except what relates to the island of Cape Breton, as well as to the other islands and coasts in the mouth and in the gulph of St. Lawrence:) And his Britannick Majesty consents to leave to the subjects of the Most Christian King the liberty of fishing in the gulph of St. Lawrence, on condition that the subjects of France do not exercise the said fishery but at the distance of three leagues from all the coasts belonging to Great Britain, as well those of the continent as those of the islands situated in the said gulph of St. Lawrence. And as to what relates to the fishery on the coasts of the island of Cape Breton, out of the said gulph, the subjects of the Most Christian King shall not be permitted to exercise the said fishery but at the distance of fifteen leagues from the coasts of the island of Cape Breton; and the fishery on the coasts of Nova Scotia or Acadia, and every where else out of the said gulph, shall remain on the foot of former treaties. VI. The King of Great Britain cedes the islands of St. Pierre and Macquelon, in full right, to his Most Christian Majesty, to serve as a shelter to the French fishermen; and his said Most Christian Majesty engages not to fortify the said islands; to erect no buildings upon them but merely for the conveniency of the fishery; and to keep upon them a guard of fifty men only for the police." Saint-Pierre & Miquelon remain a part of the Republic of France to this day. They are overseas departments, electing member to the National government in Paris. Europeans discovered the Beothuk people in the 16th century. The Micmac had migrated to Newfoundland from Nova Scotia and also lived peacefully in the area. war between the tribes came in 1770 when the Micmac encouraged by the French, began a devastating war. Sinclair ----- Original Message ----- From: "Tim Wallace-Murphy" <tim@templartim.freeserve.co.uk> To: <sinclair@quarterman.org> Sent: Thursday, March 07, 2002 1:39 PM Subject: Re: Re[ The Newport Tower (1) [ This is the Sinclair family discussion list, sinclair@quarterman.org [ To get off or on the list, see http://sinclair.quarterman.org/list.html