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There were Africans in America long before Columbus ever set foot on San Salvador (he never set foot on the Continent of North America) as the Kings of Ghana were crossing between West Africa and Brazil centuries earlier. The huge carvings of African heads in Brazil is indelible proof of this. True, slaves were brought in from West Africa for the cotton plantations just as the Scots were forced to seek a new life in the "Colonies" because of the infamous Highland Clearances when they were driven out of their homes by having them burned to the ground by the 'storm-troopers' brought in by (in the main) English landlords who had acquired vast Scottish Estates with industrial money. The lot of the slaves and the early Scottish 'settlers' had much in common. The conditions aboard the ships were universally appalling. Africans and Scots alike had been forced out of their homes. This is probably why there has always been a high level of 'empathy' between Scots and people of African origin. We also understood the tribal system because it was similar to the Clan system. (This was the main reason why the majority of officers serving with African troops during the war came from Scottish Regiments. I was one of them.) Just as many of the 'udalers' in Orkney and Shetland took the Sinclair name when Prince Henry became 'jarl' of Orkney so those African people working on Sinclair Estates (mainly in Barbados and Hawaii) took the Sinclair name because it gave them an 'identity' which would be immediately recognisable rather giving their family name which might have been Oleyaken, Awodipe, Awosoji, Adefioye, Ogunfidodo, Omisore, Ayoola etc.etc. These names are unpronounceable and certainly unmemorable to the average European. Even my own nephew (who has a Polish father)gave up trying to spell his name every time he answered the 'phone, so he uses Sinclair instead. Our Clan genealogist is Nicholas Cram- Sinclairs who hails from Jamaica but who is now resident in Edinburgh. He probably knows more about the Sinclair family history than any of his white name-sakes. So, whether you are black or white, be proud of your Sinclair name. My own ancestors were crofters and, yet, the family has produced some outstanding individuals with, at least, three millionaires. My elder brother has received the CBE for services to agriculture. His daughter received the MBE for cancer research (Tragicalls, she died from cancer). On the African side of the family, we have equally noteworthy members e.g. Bob Marley's mother was a Sinclair and one of our premier league footballers, is Frank Sinclair who carries his name with pride. Names are often an accident of geography and history. If Hrolf 'the Ganger' had not signed his Treaty with Charles 'the Simple' , the King of France, at a place called Castle St Clair-sur-Epte we might have had a completely different name!! I hope we will have some African Sinclairs at our Millennium Gathering this year. They will be warmly welcomed because they, too, are part of our history. Let us embrace them. For the best tune on a piano, we need the black and the white keys. So it is with people. Niven Sinclair [ This is the Sinclair family discussion list, sinclair@mids.org [ To get off or on the list, see http://www.mids.org/sinclair/list.html